Chemical Bonding Lab

1) The types of elements that make up the compounds are:
•Calcium chloride- Where calcium is a metal,and chloride is nonmetal.

•Potassium iodide- Where potassium is a metal,and iodine is nonmetal.

•Sodium chloride- Where sodium is a metal,and chloride is nonmetal.

•Citric acid- Where carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen are nonmetals.

•Phenyl salicylate- Where carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen are nonmetals.

•Sucrose- Where carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen are nonmetals.

2) In terms of the periodic trends,non metals have high electronegativity levels and ionization energies and metals have low electronegativity levels and ionization energies. Potassium iodide,Calcium chloride,and sodium are similar because they are all conductors,and they did not melt. Phenyl salicylate,sucrose,and citric acid are similar because they are non metals and contain carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen.

3) Calcium chloride,potassium iodide,sodium cholride are ionic. Citric acid, phenyl salicylate,and sucrose are covalent. Covalent bonds is the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Ionic bonding a complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.

4) My results showed that covalent compounds have low melting points and are soluble in ethanol, and very weak conductors of electricity. This lab also showed that ionic compounds are soluble in water,have high melting points,and are good conductors of electricity.

Metals & Water Explore Lab

● The orders of the metals from most reactive to least reactive are, K-Potassium Na-Sodium Ca-Calcium Mg-Magnesium Cu-Copper.

● Potassium(k) is the most reactive because when the Potassium was placed into the water it sparked a purple flame and moved rapidly across the water and then dissappeared. Sodium(Na) was the second most reactive because when it touched the water it floated across the water rapidly without any spark. Calcium(Ca) was the third most reactive because bubbled and produced a hydrogen gas and it turned the water a magenta color when the phenolphthalein was added. Magnesium(Mg) was the second least reactive because all it did was turn white and when phenolphthalein was added it was a neutral solution. The strip of magnesium also floated to the top of the distilled water. Copper was the least reactive because there was a neutral reaction. Nothing had changed the copper besides when we added the phenolphthalein the water had turned white and there was a little pink.

● Na, atomic #11
    [Ne] 3s1

    Mg, atomic #12
     [Ne] 3s2
 
    K, atomic #19
     [Ar] 4s1

     Ca, atomic #20
      [Ar] 4s1
 
      Cu, atomic #29
       [Ar] 3d10 4s1

● If zinc was added it would be placed after copper and if rubidium was added it would be placed after K, potassium, because in the periodic table the most reactive elements increase down the periodic table and decrease across.